Manchester United

Friday, 6 May 2011

"Hacker" :-

Hello every one ! 
 i have heard  many people saying that " I wanna b a Hacker ! "  Though they Don't Even Know  that what the word "hacker" stands for ?
So this post is for all those Dudes ! :P 

HACKER :- 


A person , Who delights in Having an intimate understanding of the internal workings of a system, Computers & Computer networks in particular . It is used to refer to someone skilled in the use of Computer Systems , especially if that skill was obtained in an exploratory way. The term is often misused in a pejorative context , where " cracker"  would be the correct term . And due to that the term evolved to be applied to individuals , with or without skill , who break into security systems. Several Subgroups of the computer are underground with different attitudes and aims use different terms to demarcate themselves from each other, Or try to exclude some specific group with which they do not agree. In hackers Culture there are many Different Categories ,
Such as :-
  1. White hat "ethical Hacking"
  2. grey hat
  3. black hat
  4. script kiddies
  5. Phreaker
Usually the term cracker refers to black hat hackers or more generally hackers with unlawful intentions.





Hacktivists :-
Some people Describing themselves as hacktivists have taken to defecting websites for political reasons, such as attacking and defacing government websites as well as web sites of groups who oppose their ideology . Hacktivist is a mixture of the words hacker and Activist. Their Activities include many political ideals and issues. Hacktivism is a controversial term. Some Argue it was coined to describe how electronic direct action might work toward social change by Combining Programming skills with critical thinking . Others use it as practically synonymous with malicious, destructive acts that undermine the security of the Internet as a technical , economic and political platform .

Malicious Hacker Strategies :- 
As there are steps to develop any software so as Every Hackers do follow some predefined rules or steps to hack into the system. They are
  • Reconnaissance :- The basic information gathering about the target system
  • Scanning :- Scanning the target system for open ports and services running on the open ports etc 
  • Gaining Access :- Gainnig the actual access of the particular target system by exploiting the system
  • maintaining Access :- Keeping the access of the system even after leaving the system so as not to                                              perform all the steps from the scratch .
  • Clearing Tracks :- To remove the footprints if any so as to remain undetected from the victim .
Pheww I think Its Enough Information For you people !!  , And for all those dudes who want to be a Hacker just read this first and Think About it .. :) 


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Cheers :)



" Let Us C "


Introduction to C++

A computer is a machine that receives instructions and produces a result after performing an appropriate assignment. Since it is a machine, it expects good and precise directives in order to do something. The end result depends on various factors ranging from the particular capabilities of the machine, the instructions it received, and the expected result.As a machine, the computer cannot figure out what you want. The computer doesn't think and therefore doesn't make mistakes.
Computer programming is the art of writing instructions (programs) that ask the computer to do something and give a result. A computer receives instructions in many different forms, four of which are particularly important.The first instructions are given by the manufacturers of various hardware parts such as the microprocessor, the motherboard, the floppy and the CD-ROM drives, etc. These parts are usually made by different companies, setting different and various goals that their particular part can perform. The instructions given to the microprocessor, for example, tell it how to perform calculations, at what speed, and under which circumstances. The instructions given to the motherboard tell it to behave like a city where people and cars can move from one part of the town to another, back and forth, for various reasons; this allows information to flow from one part of the city, I mean one section of the computer, to another.Once the instructions given to the hardware parts are known, software engineers use that information to give the second sets of instructions to the computer. These instructions, known as an operating system, are usually written by one company. These second instructions tell the computer how to coordinate its different components so the result will be a combination of different effects. This time, the computer is instructed about where the pieces of information it receives are coming from, what to do with them, then where to send the result. This time also the operating system designers impose a lot of behaviors to the computer as a machine.Again this time, some computer languages are developed so that programmers can write applications as the third set of instructions. It is like developing languages that people in a city can use to talk to each other. Consider that from now on (once the OS is developed), people get into the habit of doing things according to their particular culture or taste, speaking different languages that their neighbor doesn't understand..Luckily, the computer, I should say the OS, understands all these languages (I can't guaranty that). Some of the operating systems on the market are: Microsoft Windows 3.X, Corel Linux, IBM OS\2, Microsoft Windows 9X, Apple OS 10, Red Hat Linux, Microsoft Windows Millennium, BeOS, Caldera Linux, Microsoft Windows 2000 etc. A particular OS (for example Microsoft Windows 98) depending on a particular processor (for example Intel Pentium) is sometimes referred to as a platform. Some of the computer languages running on Microsoft Windows operating systems are C++, Pascal, Basic, and their variants. he actual third set of instructions are given to the computer by you, the programmer, using one or more of the languages that the operating system you are planning to use can understand. Your job is going to consist of writing applications. As a programmer, you write statements such as telling the computer, actually the operating system, that "If the user clicks this, do the following, but if he clicks that, do something else. If the user right clicks, display this; if he double-clicks that, do that." To write these instructions, called programs, you first learn to "speak" one of the languages of the OS. Then, you become more creative... Some of the application programs in the market are Microsoft Word, Lotus ScreenCam, Adobe Acrobat, Jasc Paint Shop Pro, etc..

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Tuesday, 3 May 2011

History Of Manchester United


 Hello Every One this is my first blog , And as you all know i am big fan of manchester united That's why i am here to give you some information about The great Club " Manchester United".
Manchester United Football Club is an English professional football club, based in Old trafford,  Greater Manchester , that plays in the Premier League. Founded as Newton Heath LYR Football Club in 1878, the club changed its name to Manchester United in 1902 and moved to Old trafford  in 1910.
In 1968, under the management of Matt busby, Manchester United was the first English football club to win the European Cup, ten years after the Munich air   disaster that claimed the lives of eight players. The current manager, Alex Ferguson, is the most successful manager in English football history, having won 26 major honours since he took over in November 1986.
Having won 18 league titles , four League Cups and a record 11 FA cups Manchester United is one of the most successful clubs in the history of English Football The club has also won three European Cup and is unique in having won a Premier League, FA Cup and UEFA Champions League Trables, in the  1998-99 season
Manchester United is one of the wealthiest and most widely supported football teams in the world.The club is said to be worth £1.13 billion, making it the most valuable football club in the world. After being floated on the London Stock exchange  in 1991, the club was purchased by Malcolm Glazer  in May 2005 in a deal valuing the club at almost £800 million.

Ferguson years (1986–present)

The torso and head of a grey-haired white man. He is wearing spectacles and a black coat.
Alex Ferguson  has been manager of Manchester United since November 1986.
Alex Ferguson and his assistant Archie Knox arrived from Aberdeen on the day of Atkinson's dismissal, and guided the club to an 11th-place finish in the league. Despite a second-place finish in 1987-88, the club was back in 11th place the following season. Reportedly on the verge of being dismissed, victory over Crystal Palace  in the 1990 FA cup Final replay (after a 3–3 draw) saved Ferguson's career. The following season, Manchester United claimed its first Cup Winners Cup title and competed in the 1991 UEFA Super Cup, beating European Cup holders Red Star  1–0 in the final at Old Trafford. A second consecutive League Cup final appearance followed in 1992, in which the team beat Nottingham Forest 1–0 at Wembley. In 1993, the club won its first league title since 1967, and a year later, for the first time since 1957, it won a second consecutive title – alongside the FA Cup – to complete the first "Double" in the club's history.
A white football player with short, dark, greying hair. He is wearing a red shirt, white shorts, white socks and white football boots. He is running and has puffed-out cheeks.
Ryan Giggs is the most decorated player in English football history.
Manchester United's 1998-99 was the most successful in English club football history as they became the first team to win the Premier League, FA Cup and UEFA Champions League – "The Treble" – in the same season.Losing 1–0 going into injury rime in the 1990 UEFA Champions League Final,   Ole Solskjer  scored late goals to claim a dramatic victory over Bayern Munich, in what is considered one of the greatest comebacks of all time. The club also won the Intercontinental Cup after beating Palmeiras 1–0 in Tokyo. Ferguson was subsequently knighted for his services to football.
In 2000, Manchester United competed in the inaugural FIFA Club World Championship in Brazil, and won the league again in the1999–2000 and 2000–01 seasons. The team finished as runners-up in 2001–02, before regaining the title in 2002–03. They won the2003–04 FA Cup, beating Millwall 3–0 in the final at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff. In the 2005–06 season, Manchester United failed to qualify for the knockout phase of the UEFA Champions League for the first time in over a decade, but recovered to secure a second-place league finish and victory over Wigan Athletic in the 2006 Football League Cup Final. The club regained the Premier League in the 2006–07 and 2007–08 seasons, and completed the European double by beating Chelsea 6–5 on penalties in the 2008 UEFA Champions League Final in Moscow's Luzhniki Stadium. Ryan Giggs made a record 759th appearance for the club in this game, overtaking previous record holder Bobby Charlton. In December 2008, the club won the 2008 FIFA Club World Cup and followed this with the 2008–09 Football League Cup, and its third successive Premier League title. That summer, Cristiano Ronaldo was sold to Real Madrid for a world record £80 million.In 2010, Manchester United defeated Aston Villa 2–1 at Wembley to retain the League Cup, its first successful defence of a knockout cup competition.

Grounds

Old Trafford
Theatre of Dreams
A stand of a football stadium. The seats are red, and the words "Manchester United" are written in white seats. The roof of the stand is supported by a cantilever structure. On the lip of the roof, it reads "Old Trafford Manchester".
LocationOld Trafford
Manchester
England
Broke ground1909
Opened19 February 1910
OwnerManchester United
OperatorManchester United
Construction cost£90,000 (1909)

Capacity75,957 seated
Tenants
Manchester United (1910–present)
Newton Heath initially played on a field on North Road, close to the railway yard; the original capacity was about 12,000, but club officials deemed the facilities inadequate for a club hoping to join The Football League. Some expansion took place in 1887, and in 1891 Newton Heath used its minimal financial reserves to purchase two grandstands, each able to hold 1,000 spectators.Although attendances were not recorded for many of the earliest matches at North Road, the highest documented attendance was approximately 15,000 for a First Division match against Sunderland on 4 March 1893. A similar attendance was also recorded for a friendly match against Gorton Villa on 5 September 1889.
In June 1893, after the club was evicted from North Road by its owners, Manchester Deans and Canons, who felt it was inappropriate for the club to charge an entry fee to the ground, secretary A. H. Albut procured the use of the Bank Street ground in Clayton. It initially had no stands, by the start of the 1893–94 season, two had been built; one spanning the full length of the pitch on one side and the other behind the goal at the "Bradford end". At the opposite end, the "Clayton end", the ground had been "built up, thousands thus being provided for". Newton Heath's first league match at Bank Street was played against Burnley on 1 September 1893, when 10,000 people saw Alf Farman score a hat-trick, Newton Heath's only goals in a 3–2 win. The remaining stands were completed for the following league game against Nottingham Forest three weeks later. In October 1895, before the visit of Manchester City, the club purchased a 2,000-capacity stand from the Broughton Rangers rugby league club, and put up another stand on the "reserved side" (as distinct from the "popular side"). However, weather restricted the attendance for the Manchester City match to just 12,000.
When the Bank Street ground was temporarily closed by bailiffs in 1902, club captain Harry Stafford raised enough money to pay for the club's next away game at Bristol City and found a temporary ground at Harpurhey for the next reserves game against Padiham. Following financial investment, new club president J.H. Davies paid £500 for the erection of a new 1,000-seat stand at Bank Street.Within four years, the stadium had cover on all four sides, as well as the ability to hold approximately 50,000 spectators, some of whom could watch from the viewing gallery atop the Main Stand.
However, following Manchester United's first league title in 1908 and the FA Cup a year later, it was decided that Bank Street was too restrictive for Davies' ambition; in February 1909, six weeks before the club's first FA Cup title, Old Trafford was named as the home of Manchester United, following the purchase of land for around £60,000. Architect Archibald Leitch was given a budget of £30,000 for construction; original plans called for seating capacity of 100,000, though budget constraints forced a revision to 77,000. The building was constructed by Messrs Brameld and Smith of Manchester. The stadium's record attendance was registered on 25 March 1939, when an FA Cup semi-final between Wolverhampton Wanderers andGrimsby Town drew 76,962 spectators.
Bombing in the Second World War destroyed much of the stadium; the central tunnel in the South Stand was all that remained of that quarter. After the war, the club received compensation from the War Damage Commission in the amount of £22,278. While reconstruction took place, the team played its "home" games at Manchester City's Maine Road ground; Manchester United was charged £5,000 per year, plus a nominal percentage of gate receipts. Later improvements included the addition of roofs, first to the Stretford End and then to the North and East Stands. The roofs were supported by pillars that obstructed many fans' views, and they were eventually replaced with a cantilevered structure. The Stretford End was the last stand to receive a cantilevered roof, completed in time for the 1993–94 season. First used on 25 March 1957 and costing £40,000, four 180-foot (55 m) pylons were erected, each housing 54 individual floodlights. These were dismantled in 1987 and replaced by a lighting system embedded in the roof of each stand, which remains in use today.
The Taylor Report's requirement for an all-seater stadium lowered capacity at Old Trafford to around 44,000 by 1993. In 1995, the North Stand was redeveloped into three tiers, restoring capacity to approximately 55,000. At the end of the 1998–99 season, second tiers were added to the East and West Stands, raising capacity to around 67,000, and between July 2005 and May 2006, 8,000 more seats were added via second tiers in the north-west and north-east quadrants. Part of the new seating was used for the first time on 26 March 2006, when an attendance of 69,070 became a new Premier League record. The record was pushed steadily upwards before reaching its peak on 31 March 2007, when 76,098 spectators saw Manchester United beat Blackburn Rovers 4–1, with just 114 seats (0.15 percent of the total capacity of 76,212) unoccupied. In 2009, reorganisation of the seating resulted in a reduction of capacity by 255 to 75,957.

Rivalries

Manchester United has rivalries with three clubs: Leeds United, Liverpool and Manchester City, against whom they contest the Manchester Derby.
The rivalry with Liverpool is rooted in competition between the cities during the Industrial Revolution when Manchester was famous for its textile industry while Liverpool was a major port.
The "Roses Rivalry" with Leeds stems from the Wars of the roses , fought between the House Of Lancaster and the House Of york, with Manchester United representing Lancashire and Leeds representing Yorkshire.


That's Why Manchester United Is the Best Club ,
Glory Glory Man United ..!


Cheers :)